Java Code:
package com.sourabh.second;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class SudokuSolver {
//Brute force back-tracking based Sudoku Solver Program
class Square {
int startRow;
int endRow;
int startCol;
int endCol;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
Integer[][] matrix = new Integer[][]{
{5,3,0,0,7,0,0,0,0},
{6,0,0,1,9,5,0,0,0},
{0,9,8,0,0,0,0,6,0},
{8,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,3},
{4,0,0,8,0,3,0,0,1},
{7,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,6},
{0,6,0,0,0,0,2,8,0},
{0,0,0,4,1,9,0,0,5},
{0,0,0,0,8,0,0,7,9}
};
matrix = solver.solveSudoku(matrix);
//solver.printMatrix(matrix);
}
void printMatrix(Integer [][] matrix) {
System.out.println();
for(int i=0; i<matrix.length; i++) {
for(int j=0; j<matrix.length; j++) {
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + ",");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public Integer[][] solveSudoku(Integer [][] matrix) {
boolean complete = true;
int i=0;
int j=0;
for(i=0;i<matrix.length;i++) {
for(j=0;j<matrix[i].length;j++) {
if(matrix[i][j] == 0) {
complete = false;
break;
}
}
if(!complete) {
break;
}
}
if(complete) {
printMatrix(matrix);
return matrix;
}
//Find the square boundary
Square currentSquare = getSquareBoundary(i, j);
//Find in this row
Integer[] possibleRowNumbers = getPossibleNumbersInRow(matrix, i);
//Find in this column
Integer[] possibleColNumbers = getPossibleNumbersInColumn(matrix, j);
//Find in this square
Integer[] possibleSquareNumbers = getPossibleNumbersInSquare(matrix,
currentSquare.startRow, currentSquare.endRow, currentSquare.startCol, currentSquare.endCol);
Integer[] possibleNumbers = getIntersectionOfArrays(possibleRowNumbers, possibleColNumbers, possibleSquareNumbers);
boolean incomplete = false;
for(int k=0;k<possibleNumbers.length;k++) {
matrix[i][j] = possibleNumbers[k];
matrix = solveSudoku(matrix);
//printMatrix(matrix);
for(int row=0;row<matrix.length;row++) {
for(int col=0;col<matrix[row].length;col++) {
if(matrix[row][col] == 0) {
incomplete = true;
break;
}
}
}
if(incomplete) {
matrix[i][j] = 0;
}
else {
break;
}
}
return matrix;
}
Integer[] getPossibleNumbersInRow(Integer[][] matrix, int row) {
List<Integer> possibleNumbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9));
for(int i=0; i<matrix[row].length; i++) {
if(matrix[row][i] != 0) {
possibleNumbers.remove(matrix[row][i]);
}
}
Integer[] array = new Integer[possibleNumbers.size()];
return possibleNumbers.toArray(array);
}
Integer[] getPossibleNumbersInColumn(Integer[][] matrix, int col) {
List<Integer> possibleNumbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9));
for(int i=0; i<matrix.length; i++) {
if(matrix[i][col] != 0) {
possibleNumbers.remove(matrix[i][col]);
}
}
Integer[] array = new Integer[possibleNumbers.size()];
return possibleNumbers.toArray(array);
}
Integer[] getPossibleNumbersInSquare(Integer[][] matrix, int startRow, int endRow,
int startCol, int endCol) {
List<Integer> possibleNumbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9));
for(int i=startRow; i<=endRow; i++) {
for(int j=startCol; j<=endCol; j++) {
if(matrix[i][j] != 0) {
possibleNumbers.remove(matrix[i][j]);
}
}
}
Integer[] array = new Integer[possibleNumbers.size()];
return possibleNumbers.toArray(array);
}
Integer[] getIntersectionOfArrays(Integer[] ... arrays) {
Integer[] intersection = getIntersectionOfTwoArrays(arrays[0], arrays[1]);
//Arrays are already sorted, so applying merge on 2 arrays at a time.
for(int i=2;i<arrays.length;i++) {
intersection = getIntersectionOfTwoArrays(intersection, arrays[i]);
}
return intersection;
}
Integer[] getIntersectionOfTwoArrays(Integer[] array1, Integer[] array2) {
List<Integer> intersectionList = new ArrayList<>();
int a=0;
int b=0;
while(a<array1.length && b<array2.length) {
if(array1[a] < array2[b]) {
a++;
}
else if(array1[a] > array2[b]) {
b++;
}
else {
intersectionList.add(array1[a]);
a++;
b++;
}
}
Integer[] array = new Integer[intersectionList.size()];
return intersectionList.toArray(array);
}
Square getSquareBoundary(int row, int col) {
Square square = new Square();
if(row < 3) {
square.startRow = 0;
square.endRow = 2;
}
else if(row < 6) {
square.startRow = 3;
square.endRow = 5;
}
else if(row < 9) {
square.startRow = 6;
square.endRow = 8;
}
if(col < 3) {
square.startCol = 0;
square.endCol = 2;
}
else if(col < 6) {
square.startCol = 3;
square.endCol = 5;
}
else if(col < 9) {
square.startCol = 6;
square.endCol = 8;
}
return square;
}
}
Unit Tests:
package com.sourabh.second;import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.sourabh.second.SudokuSolver.Square;
public class SudokuSolverTests {
@Test
public void testSolveSudoku3() {
Integer[][] matrix = new Integer[][]{
{0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,7},
{0,0,6,0,7,0,0,5,0},
{0,9,0,0,0,3,6,0,0},
{3,0,0,0,0,9,5,0,0},
{0,1,0,0,2,0,0,3,0},
{0,0,8,4,0,0,0,0,9},
{0,0,9,7,0,0,0,4,0},
{0,5,0,0,4,0,3,0,0},
{2,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0}
};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
solver.solveSudoku(matrix);
}
//@Test
public void testSolveSudoku2() {
Integer[][] matrix = new Integer[][]{
{6,0,4,0,0,8,5,3,0},
{9,0,0,0,3,6,1,0,0},
{0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0},
{4,9,2,0,0,0,0,0,5},
{0,0,6,0,0,0,4,0,0},
{8,0,0,0,0,0,9,2,7},
{0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0},
{0,0,9,8,7,0,0,0,1},
{0,1,7,4,0,0,8,0,2}
};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
solver.solveSudoku(matrix);
}
//@Test
public void testSolveSudoku() {
Integer[][] matrix = new Integer[][]{
{1,0,0,6,0,0,2,0,0},
{0,2,0,0,0,0,9,0,5},
{0,0,0,7,0,0,0,1,6},
{0,9,4,0,7,6,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,0,9,0,0,2,0},
{0,0,0,3,1,0,4,9,0},
{2,3,0,0,0,8,0,0,0},
{4,0,6,0,0,0,0,5,0},
{0,0,1,0,0,7,0,0,2}
};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
solver.solveSudoku(matrix);
}
@Test
public void testAssertArrayEquals() {
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {1,2,3}, new Integer[] {1,2,3});
}
@Test
public void testGetPossibleNumbersInRow() {
Integer[][] matrix = {{1,2,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,3,4}, {5,0,0,0,6}};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
int row = 0;
Integer[] result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInRow(matrix, row);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, result);
row = 1;
result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInRow(matrix, row);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {1,2,5,6,7,8,9}, result);
row = 2;
result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInRow(matrix, row);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {1,2,3,4,7,8,9}, result);
}
@Test
public void testGetPossibleNumbersInColumn() {
Integer[][] matrix = {{1,1}, {0,0}, {0,2}, {3,0}};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
int col = 0;
Integer[] result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInColumn(matrix, col);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {2,4,5,6,7,8,9}, result);
col = 1;
result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInColumn(matrix, col);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, result);
}
@Test
public void testGetPossibleNumbersInSquare() {
Integer[][] matrix = {{1,0,0}, {0,2,0}, {0,0,3}};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
Integer[] result = solver.getPossibleNumbersInSquare(matrix, 0, 2, 0, 2);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {4,5,6,7,8,9}, result);
}
@Test
public void testGetIntersectionOfArrays() {
Integer[] array1 = new Integer[]{0,0,1};
Integer[] array2 = new Integer[]{0,0,2};
Integer[] array3 = new Integer[]{0,0,3};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
Integer[] result = solver.getIntersectionOfArrays(array1, array2, array3);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {0,0}, result);
}
@Test
public void testGetIntersectionOfTwoArrays() {
Integer[] array1 = new Integer[]{0,0,1};
Integer[] array2 = new Integer[]{0,0,2};
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
Integer[] result = solver.getIntersectionOfTwoArrays(array1, array2);
Assert.assertArrayEquals(new Integer[] {0,0}, result);
}
@Test
public void testGetSquareBoundary() {
SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
Square square = solver.getSquareBoundary(1, 1);
Assert.assertEquals(square.startRow, 0);
Assert.assertEquals(square.endRow, 2);
Assert.assertEquals(square.startCol, 0);
Assert.assertEquals(square.endCol, 2);
}
}
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